What is referred to as the forward end of the keel that extends up towards the bow?

The forward end of the keel that extends up towards the bow is referred to as the stem. In naval architecture, the stem is a crucial structural element that forms the steep, frontmost part of the hull. It connects the keel, which runs along the bottom of the ship, to the bow, providing both strength and form to the vessel's design. The stem is typically vertical or slightly sloped and plays an essential role in hydrodynamics, helping to direct water around the hull as the ship moves through it.

The rudder, which is located at the stern of the ship, is used for steering and does not extend toward the bow. The mast, which holds the sails (on sailing ships) or antennas and navigational equipment (on modern vessels), is positioned centrally or toward the rear of the ship and unrelated to the keel's forward structure. The propeller is found at the stern as well, used for propulsion rather than forming part of the hull structure at the bow.